make的常用介词调配 英语介词短语的构成、语法功能及在解构语句中的使用

王锦妮

介词是英语中虚词的一种，其调配才能很强。但不能在语句中独立充任成分，而总是后边加名词、代词、或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从

句，一同构成介宾短语，在语句中充任成分。

I was born in April in a small village.（名词）

I owe my success to her.（代词）

He devoted himself to teaching.（动名词）

He was busy in writing his homework.（现在分词短语）

He lives in what we now call California.（宾语从句）

一、介词短语的构成

英语介词短语可分为四类：即简略介词+宾，如：before、since等；组成介词+宾，如：throughout、without等；短语介词+宾，如：with

regard to、apart from等；分词介词+宾，如：considering、concerning等。

二、介词短语的语法功用

1.作状语，润饰动词、副词或许整个语句，作状语，表时刻、地址、原因、成果、退让、条件、方法、意图、随同、方向及程度等。

（1）润饰动词。

The girl died in the accident as a result of his carelessness.（原因状语）

He got up late. As a result， he was late for work.（成果状语）

Despite the bad weather， they went out anyway.（退让状语）

Without water， fish can not live.（条件状语）

They crossed the river by means of a bridge.（方法状语）

He lives for nothing but money.（意图状语）

The teacher came in with a book under his arm.（随同状语）

They moved towards the end of the street.（方向状语）

He is older than his brother by two years.（程度状语）

（2）润饰副词。

John is now somewhere on the high seats.（地址状语）

（3）润饰整个语句。

On the whole， Jack has been a good friend.（邏辑状语）

2.作定语，一般放在名词或代词后作后置定语。

He is a man of enterprise.（有事业心的人）

I found a part-time job of being a volunteer.（一份志愿者的兼职作业）

3.作表语，放在系动词后，构成主系表结构。

The boy remained in the university for another year.

4.引出宾语，用在不及物动词、不及物动词短语或形容词后。

They have been waiting for you all the time.（wait vi.，加宾语需补for）

The parents gave in to their kid finally.（give in 不及物短语，加宾语需补to）

The professor asked the student about his financial situation.（ask b. about sth.）

He was not aware of my presence in the room.（be aware of nth.形容词宾语）

5.作宾补

We made the sofa in the center of the room.（make nth.+prep.+n.；动词宾补）

The woman sat there with a baby in her arms.（with+n.+ prep.+n；介词宾补）

6.假如想作主语或宾语，换成being+prep.+n. 方法。

Being at school all day really makes me bored and tired.（作主语）

He enjoyed being in the library when he was at college.（作动宾）、 The man was fond of being by himself.（作介宾）

三、介词短语词块在长难句断句中的运用

英语中很多长难句都是简略句基础上的介词短语和引导词引导的从句串联而成，因而。了解介词短语的用法，辅之以从句常识，有助于拆分句

子，更好地了解句意。如：

Scientists believe/that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait/in the Arctic/

（宾语从句） （后置定语）

to America/by means of a land bridge/which existed/in prehistoric times.

（方向状语） （方法状语） （定语从句） （时刻状语）

四、稳固操练

1. Dont confuse yourself/by living/for nothingness/on Sunday morning/or

（方法状语） （意图状语） （时刻状语） （并排词组）

2.living/for self/for the rest of the week.

（意图状语）（时刻状语）

3. This technology did not spread/to Europe/until the 19th century， and it was/

（地址状语） （时刻状语） （着重句）

4.by using the technology/that/the Americans drilled the first oil well/in

（方法状语） （着重句） （地址状语）

5.Pennsylvania/in 1859.

（时刻状语）

把握了介词短语的结构特征与语法功用，除了划分长难句，有助于了解阅览华章，也能够在写作中很多运用该结构，使文章更地道。